Real-world applications of causal inference across technology, healthcare, economics, marketing, education, and public policy. These stories show how causal thinking drives better decisions and where it can fail.
Case Studies
PROGRESA and the Power of Randomised Phase-In: Mexico's Conditional Cash Transfer Programme
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Duflo (2001): School Construction, Returns to Education, and the IV-DiD Design in Indonesia
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Angrist and Krueger (1991): Season of Birth, Compulsory Schooling, and Returns to Education
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Chetty, Friedman, and Rockoff (2014): Teacher Value-Added and Long-Run Outcomes
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Disease and Development: Bleakley (2007) on Hookworm Eradication and Long-Run Human Capital
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Maimonides' Rule: Angrist and Lavy (1999) on Class Size and Student Achievement in Israeli Schools
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Moving to Opportunity: Neighbourhood Effects and the Power of Randomised Housing Vouchers
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Railroads and Real Income: Donaldson (2018) on Infrastructure and Development in Colonial India
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The China Syndrome: Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013) on Import Competition and Local Labour Markets
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Electoral Advantage and Regression Discontinuity: Lee (2008) on U.S. House Elections
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The Mariel Boatlift and Labour Market Effects: Card (1990) and the Immigration Debate
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