Debates & Controversies

Thoughtful coverage of ongoing discussions in the field — RCTs versus observational methods, external validity, ethics, bias, and the limits of causal claims.

Mediation Analysis: Can We Ever Identify Indirect Effects?

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Machine Learning or Economic Theory? The Debate Over Covariate Selection in Applied Economics

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Reduced Form vs Structural Models: Do We Need Theory for External Validity?

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Treatment Effect Heterogeneity: Feature or Bug in Policy Evaluation?

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Should Long-Run Effects of Short-Run Interventions Be Trusted?

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Clustering Standard Errors: When, Why, and At What Level?

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Pooling vs. Stratification: Should Policy Evaluations Report Subgroup Effects?

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The Replication Crisis in Economics: Beyond Pre-registration

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Is Every "Natural Experiment" Really Natural? Scrutinising the Exclusion Restriction

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Selection on Parallel Trends: The Hidden Assumption Behind Conditional DiD

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Machine Learning versus Structural Models: Two Visions of Policy Counterfactuals

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Publication Bias and the File Drawer Problem: Are Published Effect Sizes Too Big?

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Synthetic Control vs. Difference-in-Differences: When to Use Which?

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Should Covariates Always Be Included in Randomised Experiments?

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The Parallel Trends Assumption: Testable, Credible, or Dogma?

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RCTs vs. Observational Studies: Is Randomisation the Gold Standard?

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Pre-registration and Researcher Degrees of Freedom: Does Economics Have a Replication Problem?

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External Validity: Are Local Average Treatment Effects Policy-Relevant?

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